The Salem Witch Trials Era - 1004 Words

Three centuries ago authorities in and around Salem, Massachusetts engaged in a witch- hunt. Authorities during the Salem Witch Trials era were called upon to arrest or execute â€Å"witches† due to false accusations made by communities that were in argumentative ties, women who were seen as threats, and religious disagreements. Capturing nearly one hundred fifty perpetrators, charging twenty-eight of them, and nineteen were lynched publically. Community tension brought false accusations that caused targeting to an area, bringing violence and false prosecutions to the accused. Around Salem, Massachusetts there was farmland where many people owned livestock for basic needs like milk, eggs, meat, etc. One accusation was a man named Caleb Moody accused his neighbor Elizabeth Morse for the killing of his best swine that occurred sixteen years ago. He also stated that the swine had died from no natural causes implying that Mrs. Morse bewitched the hog. She waited trial in the Ipswich jail until she was transported to Boston to be tried by the Court of Assistants, which happened to be the colony’s highest judicial authority. Upon arrival Elizabeth was subjected to have a group of women examine her body for a physical growth that was cold or insensitive to a pain prick. These â€Å"test† were used to find proof that she was I work with the Devil. The women found teats in her privates. This evidence was brought to trial on May 20th along with two dozen more depositions fromShow MoreRelatedThe Salem Witch Trials And Mccarthyism1327 Words   |  6 Pagesthat history no longer matters because it is in the past, the Salem Witch Trials and McCarthyism are prime examples of how history constantly repeats itself and influence how we live today for the reason that both historic eras consist of the following: they have similar history, connect in significant ways, and include comparable situations and themes that are evident today effecting us on a daily bases whether or not we realize. Salem, Massachusetts was the home of a theocracy government systemRead MoreThe Salem Witch Trials And Mccarthyism1275 Words   |  6 Pagesthat history no longer matters because it is in the past, the Salem Witch Trials and McCarthyism are prime examples of how history constantly repeats itself and influence how we live today for the reason that both historic eras consist of the following: they have similar histories, connect in significant ways, and include comparable situations and themes that are evident today affecting us on a daily basis whether or not we realize. Salem, Massachusetts was the home of a theocratic government systemRead MoreThe Crucible And Salem Witch Trials Similarities790 Words   |  4 Pages2017 Salem Witch Trials and The McCarthy Era The United States of America is filled with many historic events, enriching its history. Many events that occur are compared to past events in our history. In particular, the McCarthy Era in the 1950’s was compared to the Salem Witch Trials which occurred in 1692. This correlation was first made by Arthur Miller who wrote the play â€Å"The Crucible†. He connected the time period of McCarthy to where there was a hunt for communists, to the Salem Witch TrialsRead MoreEssay about McCarthyism versus the Salem Witch Trials1198 Words   |  5 Pagescrimes so absurd that when put to trial, they name others of the same crime to redirect the focus from them to others like it happens in the actual day, every year, with minor cases. McCarthyism was one of those cases that changed history, likewise the Salem Witch Trials. McCarthyism had the same effect on people, people who were accused of communism blame others to lessen their penalty like in the Salem Witch Trials, so how th e Salem Witch Trials and the McCarthy Era can connects although the greatRead MoreSimilarities Between The Crucible And Salem Witch Trials1079 Words   |  5 Pages The Crucible is a play that explains the story the Salem Witch trials. Arthur Miller, is the author of this play. McCarthyism played a big role in the creation of The Crucible. Many differences and similarities were drawn between the play and the Red Scare. The horrors of history are passed on from generation to generation in hopes that they will never happen again. People look back on these times and are surprised at how terrible the times were. Yet, in the 1950s, history repeated itself. DuringRead MoreFear in Salem, Massachusetts and The Crucible Essay734 Words   |  3 Pages Terrorism, inequality, losing your home, or injustice? Salem, Massachusetts during the seventeenth century feared injustices among the government. Individuals hid and lied to keep safe from being condemned as witches. This era of history is known as the Salem Witch Trials. Arthur Miller’s The Crucible explores the Salem Witch Trials while following the lives of several individuals. The fear and mistrust among the seventeenth century Salem society can be directly related to today’s twenty-first centuryRead MoreThe Salem Witch Trials, Mccarthyism, And Today s Events With Isis860 Words   |  4 Pageshas a group that people oppress. The reason that there is always a group being persecuted is because nobody wants to be a part of the victimized group. The Salem Witch Trials, McCarthyism, and today’s events with ISIS are all similar because in all of these situations, people live in a state of fear and suspision. During the Salem Witch Trials, Francis Nurse started a petition to prove the innocence of his wife and other women. In court, Procter handed the paper to the judge and said, â€Å"Will you readRead MoreThe Crucible : Fictional Account Of The Salem Witch Trials1303 Words   |  6 PagesThe 1996 film The Crucible is a fictional account of the Salem witch trials. While there are many historical inaccuracies in the movie, it does capture some of the themes in scholarship on the period. The film presents the town of Salem in a similar way to how it is depicted in the textbook. The film gets the basic outline of the Salem witch trials right. A group of girls started a panic by accusing an enslaved woman and two other women of bewitching them. During the event more than 200 people wereRead MoreThe Mccarthy and the Salem Witch Hunts1100 Words   |  5 PagesThe McCarthy Era of the 1950s and the Salem Witch Trials of the 1600s were major events in American history that destroyed the lives and careers of many innocent victims. These tragic events were similar in that they demonstrated how hard times lead to societys need to find a scapegoat. They also show the shame and regret that take place after the bloodbaths occur. The parallels between these two events, which took place almost 300 years apart, are remarkable. However, the Salem WitchcraftRead MoreSalem Witches and Ergot of Rye Essay1055 Words   |  5 PagesSalem Witches and Ergot of Rye While researching texts written about the Salem Witch Trials, I found a few authors who published articles and books about the Salem Witch Trials. These authors often showed that the most likely cause of the fits coming from the victims was produced by ergot of rye. However, I could not find much discussion about another important source of the fits’ cause: witchcraft. My goal in this paper is to produce a convincing argument that the victims during the Salem Witch

The Epidemic Crisis Of Sex Trafficking - 1341 Words

Across the globe many countries’ governments are battling the epidemic crisis of sex trafficking. Sex trafficking can be defined as â€Å"a commercial sex act [that] is induced by force, fraud, or coercion, or in which the person induced to perform such act has not attained 18 years of age† (Laxalt 2012: 12). Although inhumane, many countries are taking part in the trafficking of people. This international trend has formed sex trafficking into â€Å"the second largest organized crime in the world† (Adler 2010: 357). Labor organizations estimate that there are â€Å"at least 2.4 million trafficked persons at any point in time† (ILO 2008: 1). With numbers like that, the ILO estimates that â€Å"annual profits generated from trafficking in human beings are as†¦show more content†¦When delving into Cambodia’s culture it is evident that its most pressing social problems is the trafficking of people in and out of the country. Though the governme nt has recognized this problem and addressed it in the constitution, serious enforcement has yet to take place. The Cambodian Constitution expressly prohibits trafficking, stating in Article 46(1); â€Å"commerce of human beings, exploitation by prostitution and obscenity which affect the reputation of women shall be prohibited† (Constitutional Assembly 1999: 10). Furthermore, Constitution states â€Å"the protection of women and children’s rights†¦to education†¦and protection against employment detrimental to their health and welfare† (Constitutional Assembly 1999: 11). With the stated commitments written within the Constitution it would seem human trafficking is of much importance. Unfortunately, for these women and children, the Constitution is â€Å"rarely used in courts on behalf of the victims† (Schwartz 2004: 416). The Constitution merely stands to be more of an aspiration than actually functioning. To back the statements written within t he Constitution, Cambodia has established laws providing penalties for trafficking offenders. The definition the law gives for Trafficking is anyone who â€Å"lures another person, male or female, minor

Accounting Financial Analysis Report for Income Statement

Question: Discuss about theAccounting Financial Analysis Report for Income Statement. Answer: Introduction: Accounting financial analysis is a procedure of business which is done by the professionals to identify and evaluate the performance and the position of the company. It briefs about the financial performance of the company and this process suggests the management of the company to make few changes into its financial strategies or the performance to enhance the position of the company (Higgins, 2012). Accounting financial analysis is a common process which is done by the all the companies and financial analyst to evaluate the performance of the company and make a better decision on the basis of that. In the given case, crystal hotel private limiteds financial accounts have been evaluated. This company is operating its business in Sydney. The capacity and the revenue of the hotel have been evaluated and further the financial performance of the company has been identified which would assist the company to compare the performance with industry and make changes accordingly. Income statement comparative analysis: Income statement is one of the crucial final financial statements of an organization. It briefs about the total turnover, operating and non operating expenses, net profit, gross profit etc of the company. Income statement of crystal hotel private limited has been analyzed and it has been compared with the industry data to analyze the performance of the company (Titman and Martin, 2014). The income statement of the company briefs that the financial performance and the position of the company is quite competitive in the industry. The appendix table 1 briefs that the company should work on its total capacity. At this level, the company would be able to earn more profits. Further, it briefs that the current income statement of the company briefs about better position of the company. According to the case, the rooms revenue of the company should be 51% which is quite higher than the industry benchmark. Further, the FB revenue, halls revenue and other revenue of industry is 39%, 3% and 7% whereas the company revenue is 14.46%, 14.86% and 8.83%. It briefs that the level of rooms revenue and the functions are quite higher and it is required for the company to focus on food and beverages. In addition, cost of sales of the company has been evaluated and compared with the industry benchmark. On the basis of analysis, it has been found that the total cost of sales % of industry is 19% in 2015 which is quite lesser than the companys cost of sales. The companys cost of sales is 27.59% which briefs that the gross profit level of the comapny is lower and it is required for the company to manage the production cost (Madhura, 2011). Further, the personal cost, unallocated operating cost and total cost of the company has been evaluated. The total personnel cost of industry is 33% and the companys cost is 25.38% which briefs about better position of the company. In addition, unallocated operating cost of the company is 18.31% which is 15% in industry benchmark. It explains that the expenses of the company are quite higher (Appendix 2). The total cost and the net profit level of the industry is 68% and 32% respectively whereas the net income level of the company is 19.53% (Brown, 2012). It briefs that the financial position of the company is not that much strong and it is important for the management of the company to enhance the level of the revenues in comparison of expenses so that the net profit level could be enhanced. Ratio analysis: Ratio analysis is a financial analysis process which is conducted by the managers of the company and the financial analysts to evaluate the performance and the position of the company (Brooks, 2015). It briefs about the different positions of the company. Ratio analysis study of Crystal hotel briefs about the profitability level, solvency level, liquidity level and efficiency level of the company. Profitability ratio: Profitability ratio of the company briefs the gross profit level, net profit level, return on assets and return on equity level of the company. Gross profit margin of the company is 72.41% which is lower from 81% (industry benchmark ratio). Further, the level of net profit margin is quite higher and on the other hand, the return on assets and return on equity ratio of the company is also higher than the industry benchmark ratio (Gibson, 2011). It explains that the financial profitability position of the company is quite better and thus the company should maintain the same level. Solvency level: Solvency ratio of the company briefs the equity and debt position of the company to manage its capital structure and the cost and risk of the company. Debt to equity, debt ratio, equity ratio and interest coverage ratio has been evaluated. All these ratios brief the debt level of the company is quite lower from equity level and thus the cost of the company is quite lesser but on the other hand, risk level of the company is quite higher. It explains that the financial solvency position of the company is not good and it is suggested to the company to manage the optimal capital structure. Liquidity level: Liquidity ratio of the company briefs the position of the company to pay its short term current debt through current assets of the company. Current ratio and quick ratio of the company has been evaluated. Current ratio of the company is 1.86 which is lower from 3.2 (industry benchmark ratio). Further, the level of quick ratio is also lower than the industry ratio. It explains that the financial liquidity position of the company is not good and it is suggested to the company to enhance the level of current assets so that better liquidity position could be maintained (Brigham and Houston, 2012). Efficiency level: Efficiency ratio of the company briefs the position of the company to manage its long term debt as well as the working capital management. Inventory turnover ratio and accounts receivable turnover ratio of the company has been evaluated. Inventory turnover ratio of the company is 0.15 which is lower from 8.6 (industry benchmark ratio). Further, the level of accounts receivable collection period is quite higher than the industry ratio. It explains that the efficiency position of the company is not according to the industry so it is suggested to the company to manage the efficiency level. Industry specific benchmark: Further, the industrys performance has been compared with the companys performance on the basis of various other benchmarks such as the total price of the rooms, employees turnover and credit policies of the company. The total price of the rooms has been evaluated firstly and it has been found that the average price per room of the company is $ 148 whereas the industry is charging different rates on the basis of hotel ratings and other facilities. The total profitability position of the company on the basis of total price per room is quite different to the industry ratio. It briefs the company is managing the cost and revenue at different level (Brigham and Ehrhardt, 2013). Further, the employee turnover of the company has been evaluated and it has been recognized that the performance of the company is quite lower in terms of motivating and retaining the customers. The industrys employee turnover level is quite lower than the company and thus it becomes important for the company to look over the issue and resolve it at serious level (Brigham and Daves, 2012). In addition, the credit policy of the company has also been evaluated and t has been found that various issues are faced by the company due to its credit policies which are required to be changed. So, the performance and the position of the company could be better. These changes would assist the company to manage the better position in the industry as well as it would also assist the company to reduce the level of expenses and enhance the level of the cash inflows of the company. These changes would make the company more competitive. Conclusion: To conclude, crystal hotel private limiteds financial accounts are quite different to the final financial accounts of the industry. This company is using the different strategies to maintain the financial performance and the position. The capacity and the revenue of the hotel have been evaluated and further the financial performance of the company has been identified and it has been found that the financial performance of the company is required to be better in terms of solvency position and the liquidity position. Further, the company is also required to reduce the level of the undistributed operating cost and the personnel cost. References: Brigham, E. and Daves, P., 2012.Intermediate financial management. Nelson Education. Brigham, E.F. and Ehrhardt, M.C., 2013.Financial management: Theory practice. Cengage Learning. Brigham, E.F. and Houston, J.F., 2012.Fundamentals of financial management. Cengage Learning. Brooks, R., 2015.Financial management: core concepts. Pearson. Brown, R., 2012. Analysis of investments management of portfolios. Pearson Higher Ed. Gibson, C.H., 2011.Financial reporting and analysis. South-Western Cengage Learning. Higgins, R.C., 2012.Analysis for financial management. McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Madura, J., 2011.International financial management. Cengage Learning. Titman, S. and Martin, J.D., 2014.Valuation. Pearson Higher Ed.

International Expansion Analysis TripAdvisor Case Study

Introduction In the last few decades, the world has witnessed increased integration of the global economy, which has resulted in new opportunities for economic, and income growth. One of the significant driving forces is globalization as characterized by the production of goods and services, linked, and synchronized on a global scale thus opening significant opportunities in all regions.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on International Expansion Analysis: TripAdvisor Case Study specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Therefore, as a company that aspires to internationalize its business operations, TripAdvisor has been motivated to expand into foreign markets such as China and Germany due to the looming market opportunities. Furthermore, there are various factors including the size of the company, its leverage, market saturation, and the overall market conditions that have made TripAdvisor to globalize its business and oper ations to such foreign markets. In that respect, the purpose of this paper is to focus on the international expansion of TripAdvisor in countries like China and Germany. The paper analyzes the motivations for international expansion based three theories namely the product cycle theory, imperfect market theory and theory of comparative advantage. A risk analysis of the countries where TripAdvisor wants to expand its business operations is also carried out. Besides, an analysis of the possible financing sources for TripAdvisor expansion is performed and an estimate of the cost of capital for TripAdvisor expansion project to China offered in the report. International Expansion Analysis for the TripAdvisor In February 2000, Palka Tom, Shanny Nick, Steinert Langley, and Kaufer founded TripAdvisor Company. After the company started to generate some profits in the fiscal 2002, the management began to expand its business operations to the United States and other parts of the European market s. hese markets attracted the company due to several reasons: (1) the regions had very large customer base, (2) the local residents who had travelled considered themselves risk-takers, (3) the market was fragmented and (4) the potential customers could be identified with regions. Theory of comparative advantage In international trade, the comparative advantage theory appears to be amongst the most imperative concepts that can be used to analyze global business operations for a company like TripAdvisor. Given that TripAdvisor yearns to increase its profits, expanding its global operations to a country like China will help the company to minimize the cost of operations. First, China offers cheap labor or inexpensive raw materials that TripAdvisor can use to help it minimize the incurred expenses. Second, unlike other companies such as eBay and Yahoo that failed to prosper in these new markets, TripAdvisor is financially leveraged and can successfully set its presence in Chinese and Ge rmany.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Besides, the overall market condition in Italy, Spain, and France where TripAdvisor operates is saturated and the two countries offer ready markets for this company to take advantage of and dominate the world largest travel sites (Tallman, 2010). Given that Germany and China are tourism destinations, TripAdvisor core businesses including displaying restaurants, inns, breakfast and beds, as well as attractions founded on reviews generated from the users can possibly surpass those offered by rival corporations (Luo, 1999). Thus, since the market conditions in Europe are currently saturated and unfavorable while the market conditions in China and German are favorable, TripAdvisor has been motivated to seek international expansion into the later countries. Imperfect market theory Spain, France, and Italy are some of the markets where busine ss operations information is hardly divulged to all market participants due to the level of market competitions. However, despite the fact that online travel booking consumers in China are few, the general market conditions are favorable and market information is accessible to all market participants. In fact, acquiring information on market operations in Germany and China is inexpensive and this is an addition international expansion advantage for TripAdvisor Corporation (TripAdvisor, 2009). The online travel markets found in China and German are managed and regulated by responsible authorities hence the prices for the travel market services and goods are not controlled by a single or many sellers. The Chinese and German markets are leveraged and companies such as Monster, About.com, eBay, Yahoo, and Google could not thrive under the prevailing situations. Product cycle theory Most literature on international expansion strategies assert that corporations that aspire to go global mu st first establish themselves domestically prior to going international (Wald, 1999). This implies that, TripAdvisor Corporation has been serving the local markets for more than ten years. In fact, TripAdvisor Corporation has offered the online travel market services and goods to the locals since its introduction through to the growth stage, maturity stage, and the declining phase. Having been famous at the domestic level, TripAdvisor is obliged to expand its business and market operations to the overseas countries like China and Germany in order to accomplish its service provision demands in foreign markets (Harrison John, 2009).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on International Expansion Analysis: TripAdvisor Case Study specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Thus, the need to start from service introduction through to the declining stage is amongst the motivations that drive TripAdvisor Company to seek for internationa l business and market expansion in these foreign lands. That is, TripAdvisor aspires to introduce its online travelling market services in areas where it presence has not been felt. TripAdvisor possible expansion in Germany and China Before expanding its business operations into countries such as Germany and China, TripAdvisor must put into consideration numerous risks factors prior to deciding the region that offers lucrative business opportunities. However, both countries present different business and market environments in terms of fluctuations in global currencies, political and economic instabilities, as well as cultural and religious influences (Kirsner, 2010). The overall fluctuation of German and Chinese currencies is a major factor that might affect the development of TripAdvisor into these market economies. Equated to other nations such as Japan, France, and Italy this situation might cause strain in revenues and operating incomes in both Germany and China. Moreover, ther e is political polarization in some Chinese market regions where TripAdvisor intends operate. In China, policies regarding minimum wages are observed strictly unlike in German environs and this is intended to shun infringing labor rights. Monetization is a general challenge in China in that only limited success is evident in all businesses listed in the recent stock exchange. However, policies relating to foreign business are accommodative in both Germany and China such that it is easy for TripAdvisor to operate smoothly with minimum risks (Harteveldt, 2009). Generally, German consumers get encouraged to consume TripAdvisor products as currencies are stronger and the rates of interest are low in Germany than in China. The political parties in both Germany and China are in the forefront to make sure that the business environment is stable. Even during the economic slump periods, TripAdvisor intends to charge reasonable prices on its products to its customers in both countries. Given that its services are locally as well as globally oriented, it is advantageous for TripAdvisor to work in all areas across China and Germany (Gupta Herman, 2011). In contrary, its services can best be expanded to Germany than in China given that inflation in Germany is lower than in China whilst income rates for both countries are high. Germany and China uphold societal status and strong cultural practices hence TripAdvisor in its bid to expand its operations in these regions is likely to encounter cultural challenges (Madura, 2011).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In fact, to suit the general population standards of living TripAdvisor will have to upgrade its services to suit the cultural needs of the Chinese and Germans. Unlike China, Germany offers odd and flexible working hours thus making clienteles to access TripAdvisor online travel market services anytime. Recommendation TripAdvisor Corp has been conducting its online travel business operations in different foreign markets. However, the market entry modes depend on the type and nature of the market environment where the company wants to initiate its online business operations (Hill Jones, 2007). Since there are entrenched firms offering almost similar online travel products and services such as text links, business listings, and display advertising in China, the Chinese market is very competitive. Thus, to avoid encountering market entry barriers, competition and business challenges, it is prudent that TripAdvisor Corporation should seek a strategic alliance or merge with one of the l eading domestic online travel and service-offering firms based in China (TripAdvisor, 2010). The strategy will help TripAdvisor to avoid incidences of price competitions, tariff and market entry barriers, as well as have access to the locally available cheap raw materials and labour.  TripAdvisor Company should employ some competent Chinese managers to help it run the corporation in the Chinese environment. This follows the fact that Chinese managers are well conversant with the demands of the Chinese products consumers and the level of market competition. Besides, the managers will assist the company to abide by the culturally sensitive issues as well as the business operation regulations in China (Rappaport, 1986). Finally, TripAdvisor should minimize its costs of operations through hiring the cheap locally available labor and offer online travel market services at reduced prices to capture a larger market segment. Analysis of the financing sources for TripAdvisor expansion In o rder to go global, some of the possible financing sources for TripAdvisor include debt, and equity financing. However, one major challenge companies like TripAdvisor face is the choice made regarding the capital structure (Hutchinson, 1995). However, TripAdvisor is set free by its financial management to choose amongst the many alternative capital structures. For instance, as a globally recognized company, TripAdvisor can either opt to issue large amounts of debts or even very little debt. Moreover, the company has the option of arranging for the lease financing, issue convertible bonds, sign forward contracts, trade in bond swaps or use warrants. It can as well issue dozens of discrete securities in myriad combinations (Pinkowitz, Rohan Rene, 2007). Based on capital structure theory that was developed by Modigliani and Miller, it is evident that the capital structure adopted by TripAdvisor will greatly influence its mutual profitability. Hence, it is essential to find the imperati ve factors, which influence this company’s choice of leverage. In most cases, TripAdvisor capital structure constitutes collateralized assets, which include assets, equity such as the hybrid capital, minority interest, subscribed capital, and reserves. Finally, the last groups within TripAdvisor capital structure are the financial liabilities (Graham Harvey, 2001). The global expansion funding for TripAdvisor venture will accrue from the owner’s equity investments available in form of loan (Titman Wessels, 1988). Capital for TripAdvisor expansion project to China WACC for TripAdvisor is the average cost that the company incurs derived from the investors’ capital and it incorporates a given combination of equity or debt (Fama French, 1998). Founded on the WACC principle, the capital costs always depict pre-tax costs for instance, costs incurred before investing and corporate taxes. To ensure that it operates efficiently, TripAdvisor should apply CAPM to monito r and further reduce its costs in its international expansion operations (Grossman Hart, 1982). TripAdvisor CAPM is given by rj=rf + ÃŽ ²j(rm-rf) where rj = required return on a security; rf = risk-free rate of return; ßj = beta coefficient for the security and rm = required return on the market portfolio. Taking ÃŽ ²j=1.93; rm=10% and rf=4%, rj= 0.04 + 1.93 (0.10-0.04) =0.16. The required return on market portfolio for TripAdvisor in the first fiscal year will be 16%. Conclusion The cost of capital determined using WACC principle corresponds to a similar tax level equivalent to the earnings underlying that are normally included in the returns on the invested capital (Gaver Gaver, 1993). From the computed WACC in the appendices, it is expected that the cost of capital for an international project will be higher than that of a domestic venture. This follows the fact that there are risks associated with international operations including volatility or high gearing which results i nto high earnings volatility (Gleason, Lynnette. Mathur, 2000). Thus, shareholders demand that the company achieve higher return targets for purposes of financial risks. Nevertheless, TripAdvisor Corporation gearing should utilize cheaper debt finance as well as trade-offs between riskier capital structure and cheaper finance. The cost of equity integrated into WACC reproduces the returns expected by the investors from TripAdvisor shares. Moreover, the costs of outside capital depend on the average borrowing cost of TripAdvisor (Booth et al., 2001). References Booth, L., Asili, D., Varouj, A. Maksimovic, V. (2001). Capital structure in developing countries. Journal of Finance, 56(4), 87-130. Fama, E. French, K. (1998). Taxes, financing decisions, and firm value. Journal of Finance, 53(1), 819-43. Gaver, J. Gaver, K. (1993). Additional evidence on the association between the investment opportunity set and corporate financing, dividend, and compensation policies, Journal of Accoun ting and Economics, 16(3), p.125-140. Gleason, K., Lynnette, K. Mathur, I. (2000). The interrelationship between culture, capital structure, and performance: evidence from European retailers. Journal of Business Research, 50(4), 185-91. Graham J. Harvey, C. (2001).The theory and practice of corporate finance: evidence from the field. Journal of Financial Economics, 60(2), 187-243. Grossman, S. Hart, O. (1982). Corporate financial structure and managerial incentives: The eco of information and uncertainty. Chicago, US: University of Chicago Press. Gupta, S. Herman, K. (2011). TripAdvisor. Harvard Business School Publishing. Boston, MA. Harrison, J. John, C. (2009). Foundations in strategic management. Boston, MA: Cengage Learning. Harteveldt, H. (2009). Why travellers contribute ratings, reviews and more online. Forester, September 10, 2009. Hill, C. Jones, G. (2007). Strategic management: An integrated approach. Boston, MA: Cengage Learning. Hutchinson, R. (1995). The capital structure and investment decisions of the small owner-managed firm: some explanatory issues. Small Business Economics, I7 (3), 231-9. Kirsner, S. (2010). Google acquires ITA software: The background briefing. Boston Globe, July 1, 2010. Luo, Y. (1999). Entry and cooperative strategies in international business expansion. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing Group. Madura, J. (2011). International financial management. Mason, OH: Southwestern Cengage Learning. Pinkowitz, L., Rohan, W. Rene, M. (2007). Cash holdings, dividend policy, and corporate governance: a cross-country analysis. Journal of Applied Corporate Finance, 19(2), 81-87. Rappaport, A. (1986). Selecting strategies that create shareholder value. Harvard Business Review, 1(2), 140. Tallman, S. (2010). Global strategy. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley Sons. Titman, S. Wessels, R. (1988). The Determinant of capital structure choice. Journal of Finance, 1(43), 1-19. TripAdvisor (2009). TripAdvisor expands in China wi th agreement to acquire Kuxun.cn. Press News, August 12, 2009. TripAdvisor (2010). Fake TripAdvisor reviewers to be named and shamed. Daily Nation, October 27, 2010. Wald, J. (1999). How firm characteristics affect capital structure: an international comparison. The Journal of Financial Research, 1(22), 161-187. This essay on International Expansion Analysis: TripAdvisor Case Study was written and submitted by user Isabell Wilkinson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.